Trust shaping the social relationship of diverse learners in the online education environment
Vol 9, Issue 2, 2024, Article identifier:
VIEWS - 120 (Abstract) 58 (PDF)
Abstract
Trust is an essential glue that binds diverse groups toward working synergistically. Without trust, it becomes more challenging to achieve engagement and an inclusive environment for learning. As such, this study is about methods of engaging virtual learners and remote workers through teamwork and the building of social relationships in today’s digital and diverse world of higher education. This research specifically focuses on trust to build a better learning environment in online education. Qualitative, open-ended interviewing is used to explore 30 learners’ emergent, interactive, and social construction of trust. Data from the responsive interviews were subjected to several levels of analysis to elicit findings and interpretations. The analysis sheds light on whether learners learn best if they are given a common goal to work interdependently. Sociability is often skipped to achieve outcomes that are common to all group members. Failure to communicate effectively commonly results in a breach of trust, but learners can re-engage in social learning by explaining their behavior. However, repeated breaches of trust, especially among diverse teammates, can cause irreparable damage to the outcome. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Murro RA, Lobo JG, Inso ARC, Chavez JV. Difficulties of parents with low educational attainment in assisting their children in modular distance learning during pandemic. Environment and Social Psychology. 2024, 9(1), 1-12.
2. Mujtaba BG, Kuzak J. Creating an Anti-Harassment Policy for Workplace Sexual Discrimination. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies. 2023, 11(01): 51-60. doi: 10.4236/jhrss.2023.111004
3. Korman K, Mujtaba BG. Corporate Responses to COVID-19 Layoffs in North America and the Role of Human Resources Departments. Reports on Global Health Research. 2020, 3(2), 1-17.
4. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1991, 50(2): 179-211. doi: 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t
5. Mujtaba BG. Affirmative Action Initiatives in Education and Employment: Its Necessity Then, Now and in the Future. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. 2023, 24(1): 46-54. doi: 10.1353/gia.2023.a897700
6. Mujtaba BG, Senathip T. Workplace Mobbing and the Role of Human Resources Management. Business Ethics and Leadership. 2020, 4(1): 17-34. doi: 10.21272/bel.4(1).17-34.2020
7. Langaas M, Mujtaba BG. Communication across Cultures in the Workplace: Swimming in Scandinavian Waters. Open Journal of Social Sciences. 2023, 11(04): 174-192. doi: 10.4236/jss.2023.114014
8. Weinberger A, Ertl B, Fischer F, et al. Epistemic and social scripts in computer?supported collaborative learning. Instructional Science. 2005, 33(1): 1-30. doi: 10.1007/s11251-004-2322-4
9. Cohen EG. Restructuring the Classroom: Conditions for Productive Small Groups. Review of Educational Research. 1994, 64(1): 1-35. doi: 10.3102/00346543064001001
10. Dabbagh N, Bannan-Ritland B. Online Learning: Concepts, Strategies, and Application. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc; 2005.
11. Fischer G, Ehn P, Engeström Y, Virkkunen J. Symmetry of ignorance and informed participation. Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference (PDC’02) Malmö: Malmö University; 2002. pp. 426-428.
12. Hill JR, Song L, West RE. Social Learning Theory and Web-Based Learning Environments: A Review of Research and Discussion of Implications. American Journal of Distance Education. 2009, 23(2): 88-103. doi: 10.1080/08923640902857713
13. Guenther T, Möllering G. A Framework for Studying the Problem of Trust in Online Settings. International Journal of Dependable and Trustworthy Information Systems. 2010, 1(3): 14-31. doi: 10.4018/jdtis.2010070102
14. Chevalier ME. Teacher-Learner Relationships in Adult Education Classrooms: The Social Construction of Trust (Doctoral dissertation). Newark: University of Delaware; 1994.
15. Kanaris ME. Performances of trust among learners in the context of online social learning. doi: 10.32469/10355/46869
16. Al-Adwan AS, Li N, Al-Adwan A, et al. Extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to Predict University Students’ Intentions to Use Metaverse-Based Learning Platforms. Education and Information Technologies. 2023, 28(11): 15381-15413. doi: 10.1007/s10639-023-11816-3
17. Allen IE, Seaman J. Online Nation: Five Years of Growth in Online Learning. Needham: Sloan Consortium; 2007.
18. Phipps R, Merisotis J. What’s the Difference? A Review of Contemporary Research on the Effectiveness of Distance Learning in Higher Education. Washington: The Institute for Higher Education Policy; 1999.
19. Roach V, Lemasters L. Satisfaction with online learning: A comparative descriptive study. Journal of Interactive Online Learning. 2006, 5(3), 317-332.
20. Wallace RM. Online learning in higher education: A review of research on interactions among teachers and students. Education, Communication & Information. 2003, 3(2), 241-280.
21. Wittel A. Towards a network sociality. In: Hepp A, Krotz F, Moores S, Winter C (editors). Connectivity, Networks and Flows: Conceptualizing Contemporary Communications Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc; 2008. pp. 157-182.
22. Corritore CL, Wiedenbeck S, Kracher B. The elements of online trust. CHI ‘01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Published online March 31, 2001. doi: 10.1145/634067.634355
23. Sztompka P. Trust: A Sociological Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999.
24. Weber LR, Carter AI. The Social Construction of Trust. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2003.
25. Putnam RD. Tuning in, tuning out: The strange disappearance of social capital in America. Political Science and Politics; 1995.
26. Fukuyama F. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press Paperbacks; 1995.
27. Giddens A. The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity; 1990.
28. Luhmann N. Trust and Power. New York: Wiley; 1979.
29. Seligman AB. The Problem of Trust. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1997.
30. Luhmann N. Trust and Power. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International; 1991.
31. Putnam RD. Social capital: Measurement and consequences. Canadian Journal of Policy Research. 2001, 2(1), 41-51.
32. Simmel G. The sociology of secrecy and secret societies. American Journal of Sociology. 1906, 11(4), 441-498.
33. Sztompka P. Society in Action: The Theory of Social Becoming. Cambridge: Polity Press; 1991.
34. Bourdieu P. The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood; 1968. pp. 241-258.
35. Coleman JS. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge: Belknap Press; 1990.
36. Samed Al-Adwan A, Awni Albelbisi N, Hasan Aladwan S, et al. Investigating the Impact of Social Media Use on Student’s Perception of Academic Performance in Higher Education: Evidence from Jordan. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research. 2020, 19: 953-975. doi: 10.28945/4661
37. Alvarado, A., Mujtaba, BG. The Evolution of LGBTQIA+ Personnel in the American Workplace. Journal of Business Diversity. 2023, 23(1). doi: 10.33423/jbd.v23i1.6040
38. Cavico FJ, Mujtaba BG. The Retaliation Doctrine under Title VII of the U.S. Civil Rights Law: A Primer for Managers and Employees. SAM Advanced Management Journal. 2017, 82(3), 29-52.
39. Cooper AA, Mujtaba BG. Assessment of Workplace Discrimination against Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). SocioEconomic Challenges. 2022, 6(2): 19-28. doi: 10.21272/sec.6(2).19-28.2022
40. Kramer RM. TRUST AND DISTRUST IN ORGANIZATIONS: Emerging Perspectives, Enduring Questions. Annual Review of Psychology. 1999, 50(1): 569-598. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.569
41. Fukuyama F. IMF Working Paper: Social Capital and Civil Society. IMF; 2000.
42. Putnam RD. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster; 2000.
43. Welch MR, Sikkink D, Loveland MT. The Radius of Trust: Religion, Social Embeddedness and Trust in Strangers. Social Forces. 2007, 86(1): 23-46. doi: 10.1353/sof.2007.0116
44. Bakhurst D, Sypnowich C. Introduction: Problems of the social self. In: Bakhurst D, Sypnowich C (editors). The Social Self Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2007. pp. 1-17.
45. Tuominen K, Talja S, Savolainen R. The social constructionist viewpoint on information practices. In: Fisher KE, Erdelez S, McKechnie L (editors). Theories of Information Behavior. Medford: Information Today, Inc; 2006. pp. 328-338.
46. Möllering G. The Nature of Trust: From Georg Simmel to a Theory of Expectation, Interpretation and Suspension. Sociology. 2001, 35(2): 403-420. doi: 10.1017/s0038038501000190
47. Möllering G. Piotr Sztompka: Trust. A Sociological Theory (Book Review). Organization Studies. 2001, 22(2), 370-375.
48. Giddens A. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 1991.
49. Earle TC, Cvetkovich GT. Social Trust: Toward a Cosmopolitan Society. Westport, CN: Praeger; 1995.
50. Simmel G, Hughes EC. The sociology of sociability. The American Journal of Sociology. 1949, 55(3), 254-261.
51. Lewis JD, Weigert AJ. Social Atomism, Holism, and Trust. The Sociological Quarterly. 1985, 26(4): 455-471. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-8525.1985.tb00238.x
52. Dasgupta P. Trust as a commodity. In: Gambetta D (editor). Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations. Oxford: Department of Sociology, University of Oxford; 2000. pp. 49-72.
53. Hardin R. The Street-Level Epistemology of Trust. Analyse & Kritik. 1992, 14(2): 152-176. doi: 10.1515/auk-1992-0204
54. Ngo PT, Fisher G, Mujtaba BG. Ethical decision-making of banking and finance professionals and students. Asian Journal of Business Ethics. 2014, 3(2): 141-153. doi: 10.1007/s13520-014-0037-4
55. Rubin HJ, Rubin IS. Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data, 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2012.
56. Mann C, Stewart F. Internet Communication and Qualitative Research: A Handbook for Researching Online. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2009.
57. Blumer H. Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall; 1969.
58. Francis D, Hester S. An Invitation to Ethnomethodology: Language, Society and Social Interaction. Published online 2004. doi: 10.4135/9781849208567
59. Walther JB. Theories of computer-mediated communication and interpersonal relations. In: Knapp ML, Daly JA (editors). The SAGE Handbook of Interpersonal Communication (4th ed., pp. 443-480). Los Angeles: Sage; 2011.
60. Glaser BG, Strauss AL. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company; 1967.
61. Corbin J, Strauss A. Basics of Qualitative Research, 3rd ed. Los Angeles: Sage Publications; 2008.
62. Creswell J. The Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishers; 1998.
63. Denzin NK, Lincoln YS. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 2005.
64. Seidman I. Interviewing as Qualitative Research, 3rd ed. New York: Teachers College Press; 2006.
65. Castells M. The Power of Identity, 2nd ed. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons; 2010.
66. Bloomberg LD, Volpe M. Completing Your Qualitative Dissertation: A Roadmap from Beginning to End, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2012.
67. Mujtaba, B.G. Task and Relationship Orientation of Aspiring Leaders: A Study of Male and Female Adults in Business Education. Business Ethics and Leadership. 2023, 7, 1–12. doi: 10.61093/bel.7(3).1-12.2023
68. Hitlin S, Vaisey S. Back to the Future. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Published online 2010: 3-14. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6896-8_1
69. Cavico FJ, Mujtaba BG. Managers Be Warned: Third Party Retaliation Lawsuits and the U.S. Supreme Court. International Journal of Business and Social Sciences. 2011, 2(5), 8-17.
70. Simmel G. The Sociology of Georg Simmel. New York: The Free Press; 1950.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54517/esp.v9i2.2197
(120 Abstract Views, 58 PDF Downloads)
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Margarida E. Kanaris, Bahaudin G. Mujtaba
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/